I-valve yokusakazaiphonswa ku-valve, izinga lokucindezela kwe-valve elijwayelekile liphansi kakhulu (njenge-PN16, i-PN25, i-PN40, kodwa kukhona nokucindezela okuphezulu, kungaba ku-1500LD, 2500LB), iningi lezinga lingaphezu kwe-DN50.Ama-valve wokwakhazikhishwe ngaphandle.Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa emipayipi ebangeni eliphezulu.Isilinganiso sincane, futhi ngokuvamile singaphansi kwe-DN50.
A, ukulingisa
1. Ukusakaza: kuyinqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi ibe uketshezi oluhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile bese luluthululela esikhunjini sokubunjwa.Ngemuva kokupholisa nokuqiniswa, ukukhishwa (izingxenye noma okungenalutho) kutholakala ngesimo esinqunyiwe, usayizi nokusebenza.Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bemboni yesimanje yokukhiqiza imishini.
2, ukukhiqizwa kwezindleko ezingenalutho kuphansi, ngesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuningi kungabonisa umnotho wayo;Ngasikhathi sinye, inokuguquguquka okubanzi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini ebanzi.
3, kodwa izinto ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni ukukhiqiza (njengensimbi, izinkuni, uphethiloli, izinto zokubumba, njll.) kanye nemishini (njengesithando somlilo sensimbi, umshini wokuxuba isihlabathi, umshini wokubumba, umshini wokwenza ingqikithi, shaker, umshini wokudubula, i-cast iron plate, njll.) ziningi, futhi zizokhiqiza uthuli, igesi eyingozi nomsindo futhi zingcolise imvelo.
4. Ukusakaza kuwuhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokusebenza obushisayo bensimbi obunomlando weminyaka engaba ngu-6000.Ngo-3200 BC, ukuxoshwa kwamaxoxo ethusi kwavela eMesopotamiya.Phakathi kuka-13 BC kanye nekhulu le-10 BC, iShayina ingene endumisweni yokulingisa ngethusi, inqubo isifinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, njenge-Shang Dynasty Simuwu square Ding enesisindo esingu-875 kg, i-Warring States Dynasty uJinghou Yi Zunpan kanye noBukhosi BaseWestern Han. isibuko esisobala siyimikhiqizo emele yokusakazwa kwasendulo.Ukubunjwa kwasekuqaleni kwakuthonywe kakhulu izitsha zobumba, futhi okuningi kokubunjwa kwakungamathuluzi noma izitsha zokukhiqiza ezolimo, inkolo, impilo nezinye izici, ezinombala wobuciko oqinile.Ngo-513 BC, iShayina yakhiqiza insimbi yokuqala eqoshiwe kumarekhodi abhaliwe emhlabeni - i-Jin Casting Ding (cishe ama-270 kg).Cishe ngekhulu lesi-8, iYurophu yaqala ukukhiqiza insimbi eyinsimbi.Ngemuva kwenguquko yezimboni ngekhulu le-18, ukulingisa kwangena enkathini entsha yokusebenzela izimboni ezinkulu.Ngekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kokubunjwa, sekuthuthukise i-ductile iron, insimbi ethambile ethambile, insimbi engagqwali ye-ultra-low ne-aluminium yethusi, i-aluminium silicon, i-aluminium magnesium alloy, isisekelo se-titanium, i-nickel base alloy nezinye izinto zokuphonsa zensimbi, futhi wasungula inqubo entsha ye-grey cast iron ukwenza ukwelashwa.Ngemuva kweminyaka yawo-1950, ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana nesihlabathi esimanzi sokucindezela okuphezulu, ukubumba kwesihlabathi esiqinisa amakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwengqikithi, ukubunjwa kwengcindezi engalungile, nokunye ukuphonsa okukhethekile nokuqhunyiswa kwesibhamu kwethulwa.
5. Ziningi izinhlobo zokulingisa.Ngokwendlela yokumodela, ihlukaniswa ngokwesiko ibe yi-0 yokubunjwa kwesihlabathi esijwayelekile, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwesihlabathi esimanzi, uhlobo lwesihlabathi esomile kanye nohlobo lwesihlabathi esiqinisa amakhemikhali 3. (2) ukukhishwa okukhethekile, izinto zokubumba ezicindezelayo futhi zingahlukaniswa zibe isihlabathi samaminerali emvelo njenge izinto eziyinhloko zokubumba ezikhethekile (isb., ukubunjwa kokutshalwa kwezimali, ukubunjwa kwesikhunta, isisekelo sokubunjwa kwegobolondo, ukucindezela okungalungile, ukubunjwa kwesikhunta, ukubunjwa kwesikhunta se-ceramic, njll.) kanye nensimbi njengento eyinhloko yokubumba yokubunjwa okukhethekile (njengokubunjwa kwensimbi, ukukhishwa kwengcindezi, ukusakaza okuqhubekayo, ukusakaza kwengcindezi ephansi, ukusakaza kwe-centrifugal, njll.).
I-6, inqubo yokuphonsa imvamisa ihlanganisa: (ukusakaza (iziqukathi) kwenza uketshezi lwensimbi oluqinile, ukuphonsa ngokusho kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungahlukaniswa zibe isikhunta sesihlabathi, insimbi, i-ceramic, udaka, i-graphite, njll., ingahlukaniswa ngokusetshenziswa okulahlwayo, okuhlala njalo kanye nohlobo oluhlala njalo, ikhwalithi yokulungiselela isikhunta yizinto eziyinhloko ezithonya ikhwalithi yokubunjwa Ukuncibilika nokuthululwa kwensimbi esakazwayo, insimbi yokusakazwa (casting alloy) ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa insimbi ecijile, insimbi ekhonjiwe kanye nengxube ye-cast-casting; ukuhlolwa, ukwelapha ngokuphonsa, okuhlanganisa ukususwa kwemizimba yangaphandle ewumgogodla kanye neyokujikijela, ukukhishwa kwesikhuphukeli esimanzi, i-burr yokugaya ifosholo, ukwelapha ukushisa, ukubunjwa, ukwelashwa kwe-antirust kanye nomshini we-inlet futha
Okwesibili ukukhwabanisa
I-1, i-forging: ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokubumba ekucindezelweni kwe-billet yensimbi, ukuguquguquka kwepulasitiki ukuthola indawo ethile yemishini, ukwakheka okuthile nosayizi wendlela yokucubungula ama-forgings.
2, enye yezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqamba.Ngokusebenzisa i-forging kungaqeda insimbi njenge-cast loose, izimbobo zokushisela, izakhiwo zemishini ye-forgings ngokuvamile zingcono kune-castings efanayo.Ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ezinomthwalo ophezulu kanye nezimo ezinzima zokusebenza emishinini, ama-forgings asetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphezu kwepuleti, iphrofayili noma izingxenye ze-welding ezinokwakheka okulula okungagoqwa.
3, ukubumba ngokwendlela yokwenza kungahlukaniswa kube: 0 ukubumba okuvulekile (ukuqamba mahhala).Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla noma ingcindezi yokwenza insimbi phakathi kwe-anti-iron engaphezulu nangaphansi (i-anvil block) deformation ukuze kutholwe ama-forging adingekayo, ikakhulukazi ukufoja okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokufoja ngomshini.② Ukufoja kwemodi evaliwe.Insimbi engenalutho ikhubazekile ngaphansi kwengcindezi egunjini lokufa lokuqamba lomumo othile, futhi ukubumba kungahlukaniswa kube ukufoja, ukufoja okubandayo, ukubumba okujikelezayo, i-extrusion nokunye.Ngokusho kokushisa kwe-deformation, i-forming ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-forging eshisayo (izinga lokushisa lokucubungula liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization lensimbi engenalutho), ukubumba okufudumele (okungaphansi kokushisa kwe-recrystallization) kanye nokukhwabanisa okubandayo (izinga lokushisa elivamile).
4, izinto zokwakha ngokuyinhloko ziyizingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-carbon steel ne-alloy steel, kulandelwa i-aluminium, i-magnesium, i-titanium, ithusi kanye ne-alloy yayo.Isimo sokuqala sezinto ezibonakalayo sihlanganisa izinduku, amaketanga okuphonsa, izimpushana zensimbi nezinsimbi eziwuketshezi.Isilinganiso sendawo yesiphambano sensimbi ngaphambi kokuguquguquka endaweni yesigaba sokufa ngemva kokuguqulwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-forging ratio.Ukukhetha okulungile kokuqamba kunokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko kunobudlelwano obuhle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-01-2021